Pajouhan Scientific Journal
مجله علمی پژوهان
Pajouhan Sci J
Medical Sciences
http://psj.umsha.ac.ir
1
admin
1029-7863
2423-6276
10.53208/psj
fa
jalali
1405
3
1
gregorian
2026
6
1
24
2
online
1
fulltext
fa
عملکرد مادران در پیشگیری از عفونتهای دستگاه تنفسی فوقانی در کودکان زیر پنج سال: عوامل و بینشهایی بر اساس الگوی اطلاعات–انگیزش–مهارتهای رفتاری
Maternal Practices in Preventing Upper Respiratory Tract Infections in Under-Five Children: Factors and Insights from the Information–Motivation–Behavioral Skills Model
علوم بهداشتی
Health Sciences
مقاله پژوهشي
Research Article
<span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="text-justify:kashida"><span style="text-kashida:0%"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span sans-serif="" style="font-family:Calibri,"><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">سابقه و هدف</span></span></b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">: عفونتهای دستگاه تنفسی فوقانی از شایعترین بیماریها در کودکان زیر پنج سال هستند و بخش قابل توجهی از مراجعات سرپایی را تشکیل میدهند. با توجه به نقش تعیینکننده مادران در مراقبت و پیشگیری، مطالعه حاضر با بهرهگیری از الگوی اطلاعات</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">–</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">انگیزش</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">–</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">مهارتهای رفتاری به بررسی عوامل مرتبط با رفتارهای پیشگیرانه مادران در شهر کرمانشاه پرداخته است.</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br>
<span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="text-justify:kashida"><span style="text-kashida:0%"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span sans-serif="" style="font-family:Calibri,"><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">مواد و روشها</span></span></b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">: این پژوهش توصیفی</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">–</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">تحلیلی در سال 1404 بر روی 1098 مادر دارای کودک زیر پنج سال انجام شد که در نهایت 941 پرسشنامه کامل مورد تحلیل قرار گرفت (نرخ پاسخدهی 7/85%). نمونهگیری به روش چندمرحلهای خوشهای صورت گرفت. ابزار گردآوری دادهها پرسشنامهای ساختاریافته بر اساس الگوی اطلاعات</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">–</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">انگیزش</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">–</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">مهارتهای رفتاری بود که روایی صوری، محتوایی و پایایی آن تأیید شد. دادهها با نرمافزار </span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">SPSS</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"> نسخه 16 تحلیل گردید. آمار توصیفی، همبستگی پیرسون و رگرسیون خطی ساده و تعدیلشده برای شناسایی عوامل مرتبط با رفتارهای پیشگیرانه استفاده شد.</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br>
<span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="text-justify:kashida"><span style="text-kashida:0%"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span sans-serif="" style="font-family:Calibri,"><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">یافتهها</span></span></b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">: </span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">سن مادر (142/0=</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""> β</span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">و 042/0 = </span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">P</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">)، </span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">تعداد فرزندان (255/0=</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""> β</span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">و 001/0 > </span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">P</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">)</span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">، سطح تحصیلات مادر (153/0=</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""> β</span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">و 001/0 > </span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">P</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">)،</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">وضعیت اقتصادی خانواده (079/0=</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""> β</span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">و 015/0 = </span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">P</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">)،</span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"> دریافت آموزش در زمینه پیشگیری (122/0=</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""> β</span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">و 001/0 > </span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">P</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">)، </span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">انگیزش اجتماعی (071/0=</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""> β</span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">و 020/0 = </span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">P</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">)</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">و مهارتهای رفتاری (328/0=</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""> β</span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">و 001/0 > </span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">P</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">) ارتباط مثبت و معناداری با عملکرد مادران داشتند. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br>
<span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="text-justify:kashida"><span style="text-kashida:0%"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span sans-serif="" style="font-family:Calibri,"><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">نتیجهگیری</span></span></b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">: طراحی مداخلات آموزشی مبتنی بر الگوی اطلاعات</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">–</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">انگیزش</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">–</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">مهارتهای رفتاری با تمرکز بر مهارتهای عملی و حمایت اجتماعی میتواند کارآمدی بیشتری در کاهش شیوع عفونتهای دستگاه تنفسی فوقانی در کودکان زیر پنج سال داشته باشد.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br>
<span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="text-justify:kashida"><span style="text-kashida:0%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><strong>Background and Objective:</strong> Upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) are among the most common illnesses in children under five years of age and account for a substantial proportion of outpatient visits. Given the pivotal role of mothers in child care and prevention, this study employed the Information–Motivation–Behavioral Skills (IMB) model to examine factors associated with preventive behaviors among mothers in Kermanshah, Iran.</span></span></span></span><br>
<span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="text-justify:kashida"><span style="text-kashida:0%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><strong>Materials and Methods:</strong> This descriptive–analytical study was conducted on 1,098 mothers with children under five years old, during 2025. In total, 941 fully completed questionnaires were analyzed (response rate: 85.7%). Sampling was performed using a multistage cluster design. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire based on the IMB model, whose face validity, content validity, and reliability were confirmed. Analyses were performed using SPSS version 16. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and simple and adjusted linear regression were applied to identify determinants of preventive behaviors.</span></span></span></span><br>
<span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="text-justify:kashida"><span style="text-kashida:0%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><strong>Results:</strong> Maternal age (β=0.142, P=0.042), number of children (β=0.255, P<0.001), maternal education level (β=0.153, P<0.001), family economic status (β=0.079, P=0.015), receipt of preventive training (β=0.122, P<0.001), social motivation (β=0.071, P=0.020), and behavioral skills (β=0.328, P<0.001) were all positively and significantly associated with mothers’ preventive performance.</span></span></span></span><br>
<span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="text-justify:kashida"><span style="text-kashida:0%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Educational interventions grounded in the IMB model, with emphasis on practical skills and social support can be more effective in reducing the prevalence of URTIs among children under five years of age.</span></span></span></span>
عفونتهای دستگاه تنفسی, کودک پیشدبستانی, مادران, رفتارهای سلامت
Respiratory Tract Infections, Child, Preschool, Mothers, Health Behavior.
0
0
http://psj.umsha.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-214-25&slc_lang=fa&sid=1
Mehdi
Mirzaei-Alavijeh
مهدی
میرزایی علویجه
mehdimirzaiea@yahoo.com
100319475328460017507
100319475328460017507
No
Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences
دانشگاه علوم پزشکی کرمانشاه
Shima
Khashij
شیما
خشیج
health_fj@yahoo.com
100319475328460017508
100319475328460017508
No
Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences
دانشگاه علوم پزشکی کرمانشاه
Farzad
Jalilian
فرزاد
جلیلیان
f_jalilian@yahoo.com
100319475328460017509
100319475328460017509
Yes
Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences
دانشگاه علوم پزشکی کرمانشاه