1. Hardy I, Woodcock S. Contesting the recognition of specific learning disabilities in educational policy: Intra-and international insights. International Journal of Educational Research. 2014;66:113-24. [
DOI:10.1016/j.ijer.2014.03.003]
2. Jitendra AK, Star JR. Meeting the needs of students with learning disabilities in inclusive mathematics classrooms: the role of schema-based instruction on mathematical problemsolving. Theory into Practice. 2011;50(1):12-9. [
DOI:10.1080/00405841.2011.534912]
3. Lave J. Word problems: a microcosm of theories of learning. Context and cognition. New York: Ways of Learning and Knowing; 1992. P. 74-92.
4. Swanson HL. Cross-sectional and incremental changes in working memory and mathematical problem solving. Journal of Educational Psychology. 2006;98(2):265. [
DOI:10.1037/0022-0663.98.2.265]
5. Verschaffel L, Greer B, De Corte E. Making sense of word problems. The Netherlands: Lisse; 2000. P. 224.
6. Nemati S, Taghipour K, Alizadeh Maralani F. Implementing schema-based instruction on the mathematical word problem solving in specific learning disability with impairment in mathematics: a systematic review study. Psychology of Exceptional Individuals. 2019;9(35):141-68. (Persian)
7. Root JR, Cox SK, Gonzalez S. Using modified schema-based instruction with technology-based supports to teach data analysis. Research and Practice for Persons with Severe Disabilities. 2019;44(1):53-68. [
DOI:10.1177/1540796919833915]
8. Jitendra AK, George MP, Sood S, Price K. Schema-based instruction: facilitating mathematical word problem solving for students with emotional and behavioral disorders. Preventing School Failure: Alternative Education for Children and Youth. 2009;54(3):145-51. [
DOI:10.1080/10459880903493104]
9. Xin YP. The effect of schema-based instruction in solving mathematics word problems: an emphasis on prealgebraic conceptualization of multiplicative relations. Journal for Research in Mathematics Education. 2008;39(5):526-51. [
DOI:10.5951/jresematheduc.39.5.0526]
10. Fritz A, Haase VG, Rasanen P. International handbook of mathematical learning difficulties. From the laboratory to the classroom. Cham: Springer; 2019. [
DOI:10.1007/978-3-319-97148-3]
11. Kalyuga S. Assessment of learners' organised knowledge structures in adaptive learning environments. Applied Cognitive Psychology: The Official Journal of the Society for Applied Research in Memory and Cognition. 2006; 20(3):333-42. [
DOI:10.1002/acp.1249]
12. Kingsdorf S, Krawec J. A broad look at the literature on math word problem-solving interventions for third graders. Cogent Education. 2016;3(1):1135770. [
DOI:10.1080/2331186X.2015.1135770]
13. Powell SR. Solving word problems using schemas: a review of the literature. Learning Disabilities Research & Practice. 2011;26(2):94-108. [
DOI:10.1111/j.1540-5826.2011.00329.x] [
PMID] [
]
14. Jitendra AK, Harwell MR, Dupuis DN, Karl SR, Lein AE, Simonson G, et al. Effects of a research-based intervention to improve seventh-grade students' proportional problem solving: a cluster randomized trial. Journal of Educational Psychology. 2015;107(4):1019. [
DOI:10.1037/edu0000039]
15. Amiripour P, Dossey JA, Shahvarani A. Using a new schema approach with primary at-risk students in word problem solving. Journal of Research in Mathematics Education. 2017;6(3):228-55. [
DOI:10.17583/redimat.2017.2612]
16. Jitendra AK. Teaching tutorial 3: teaching mathematics problem solving using schema-based strategy instruction. Charlottesville, VA: Division for Learning Disabilities; 2004.
17. Peltier C, Sinclair TE, Pulos JM, Suk A. Effects of schemabased instruction on immediate, generalized, and combined structured word problems. The Journal of Special Education. 2020;54(2):101-12. [
DOI:10.1177/0022466919883397]
18. Jitendra AK, Star JR, Dupuis DN, Rodriguez MC. Effectiveness of schema-based instruction for improving seventh-grade students' proportional reasoning: a randomized experiment. Journal of Research on Educational Effectiveness. 2013;6(2):114-36. [
DOI:10.1080/19345747.2012.725804]
19. Fede JL. The effects of gosolve word problems math intervention on applied problem solving skills of low performing fifth grade students. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Amherst; 2010.
20. Taber MR. Use of a mathematics word problem strategy to improve achievement for students with mild disabilities. Florida: Florida Atlantic University; 2013.
21. Peltier C, Vannest KJ. A meta-analysis of schema instruction on the problem-solving performance of elementary school students. Review of Educational Research. 2017;87(5):899-920. [
DOI:10.3102/0034654317720163]
22. Wei X, Yu JW, Shattuck P, Blackorby J. High school math and science preparation and postsecondary STEM participation for students with an autism spectrum disorder. Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities. 2017;32(2):83-92. [
DOI:10.1177/1088357615588489]
23. Cox SK, Root JR. Modified schema-based instruction to develop flexible mathematics problem-solving strategies for students with autism spectrum disorder. Remedial and Special Education. 2020;41(3):139-51. [
DOI:10.1177/0741932518792660]
24. Dazy S, Kadivar P, Abdollahi MH, Hasanabadi HR. Applying schema-broadening instruction to remediate word problem deficits among second-grade students with dyscalculia. Journal of Exceptional Children. 2018;17(4):77-92. (Persian)
25. Cook SC, Collins LW, Morin LL, Riccomini PJ. Schemabased instruction for mathematical word problem solving: an evidence-based review for students with learning disabilities. Learning Disability Quarterly. 2020;43(2):75-87. [
DOI:10.1177/0731948718823080]
26. Fuchs LS, Zumeta RO, Schumacher RF, Powell SR, Seethaler PM, Hamlett CL, et al. The effects of schemabroadening instruction on second graders' word-problem performance and their ability to represent word problems with algebraic equations: a randomized control study. The Elementary School Journal. 2010;110(4):440-63. [
DOI:10.1086/651191] [
PMID] [
]
27. Fuchs LS, Powell SR, Seethaler PM, Cirino PT, Fletcher JM, Fuchs D, et al. Remediating number combination and word problem deficits among students with mathematics difficulties: a randomized control trial. Journal of Educational Psychology. 2009;101(3):561. [
DOI:10.1037/a0014701] [
PMID] [
]
28. Dougherty SM, Grindal T, Hehir T. The impact of career and technical education on students with disabilities. Journal of Disability Policy Studies. 2018;29(2):108-18. [
DOI:10.1177/1044207318771673]
29. Nemati SH, Badri Gargari R, Afshin H. The effectiveness of solution-focused approach on the educational motivation among children with specific learning disabilities. Journal of Learning Disabilities. 2019;8(4):134-54. (Persian)
30. Kalyuga S. Rapid cognitive assessment of learners' knowledge structures. Learning and Instruction. 2006; 16(1):1-11. [
DOI:10.1016/j.learninstruc.2005.12.002]
31. Jitendra AK, Harwell MR, Karl SR, Dupuis DN, Simonson GR, Slater SC, et al. Schema-based instruction: effects of experienced and novice teacher implementers on seventh grade students' proportional problem solving. Learning and Instruction. 2016;44:53-64. [
DOI:10.1016/j.learninstruc.2016.03.001]
32. Tall D, Thomas MO. Intelligence, learning andunderstanding in mathematics: a tribute to Richard Skemp. Australia: Post Pressed; 2002.
33. Thomas MO. Conceptual representations and versatile mathematical thinking. Proceedings of ICMI. 2008;10:1-18.
34. Piaget J. The psychogenesis of knowledge and its epistemological significance. Cambridge: Harvard University Press; 1980.
35. Slavin RE, Lake C, Groff C. Effective programs in middle and high school mathematics: a best-evidence synthesis. Review of Educational Research. 2009;79(2):839-911. [
DOI:10.3102/0034654308330968]
36. Rumelhart DE. Understanding understanding. Memories, thoughts and emotions: essays in honor of George Mandler. Abingdon: Taylor & Francis; 1991. P. 257-75.
37. Chinnappan M. Schemas and mental models in geometry problem solving. Educational Studies in Mathematics. 1998;36(3):201-17. [
DOI:10.1023/A:1003134323371]
38. Lim CB. Implementing schema-based instruction in the elementary classroom. Michigan: Grand Valley State University; 2015.
39. Marshall SP. Schema-based instruction. Encyclopedia of the sciences of learning. Boston, MA: Springer; 2012. [
DOI:10.1007/978-1-4419-1428-6_261]
40. Wong WK, Hsu SC, Wu SH, Lee CW, Hsu WL. LIM-G: Learner-initiating instruction model based on cognitive knowledge for geometry word problem comprehension. Computers & Education. 2007;48(4):582-601. [
DOI:10.1016/j.compedu.2005.03.009]
41. Carpenter TP, Fennema E, Franke M, Levi L, Empson SB. Children's mathematics. New York: Cognitively Guided Instruction; 2015.
42. Depaepe F, De Corte E, Verschaffel L. Teachers' approaches towards word problem solving: Elaborating or restricting the problem context. Teaching and Teacher Education. 2010;26(2):152-60. [
DOI:10.1016/j.tate.2009.03.016]
43. Caldwell JH, Goldin GA. Variables affecting word problem difficulty in secondary school mathematics. Journal for Research in Mathematics Education. 1987;18(3):187-96.
https://doi.org/10.5951/jresematheduc.18.3.0187 [
DOI:10.2307/749056]
44. De Corte E, Verschaffel L, De Win L. Influence of rewording verbal problems on children's problem representations and solutions. Journal of Educational Psychology. 1985; 77(4):460. [
DOI:10.1037/0022-0663.77.4.460]
45. Woodward J, Beckmann S, Driscoll M, Franke M, Herzig P, Jitendra A, et al. Improving mathematical problem solving in grades 4 through 8. IES practice guide. NCEE 2012-4055. Washington, DC: What Works Clearinghouse; 2012.
46. Christou C, Philippou G. Role of schemas in one-step word problems. Educational Research and Evaluation. 1999;5(3):269-89. [
DOI:10.1076/edre.5.3.269.3884]
47. Christou C, Philippou G. Mapping and development of intuitive proportional thinking. The Journal of Mathematical Behavior. 2001;20(3):321-36. [
DOI:10.1016/S0732-3123(02)00077-9]
48. Zahner D, Corter JE. The process of probability problem solving: Use of external visual representations. Mathematical Thinking and Learning. 2010;12(2):177-204. [
DOI:10.1080/10986061003654240]
49. Yancey AV, Thompson CS, Yancey JS. Children must learn to draw diagrams. The Arithmetic Teacher. 1989;36(7):15-9. [
DOI:10.5951/AT.36.7.0015]
50. Jitendra AK. Using schema-based instruction to improve students' mathematical word problem solving performance. International handbook of mathematical learning difficulties. Berlin: Springer; 2019. P. 595-609. [
DOI:10.1007/978-3-319-97148-3_35]
51. Rosenzweig C, Krawec J, Montague M. Metacognitive strategy use of eighth-grade students with and without learning disabilities during mathematical problem solving: a think-aloud analysis. Journal of Learning Disabilities. 2011;44(6):508-20. [
DOI:10.1177/0022219410378445] [
PMID]
52. Clarke B, Smolkowski K, Baker SK, Fien H, Doabler CT, Chard DJ. The impact of a comprehensive Tier I core kindergarten program on the achievement of students at risk in mathematics. The Elementary School Journal. 2011;111(4):561-84. [
DOI:10.1086/659033]
53. Fuchs LS, Fuchs D, Prentice K, Burch M, Hamlett CL, Owen R, et al. Enhancing third-grade student' mathematical problem solving with self-regulated learning strategies. Journal of Educational Psychology. 2003;95(2):306.
https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0663.95.2.306 [
DOI:10.1037/0022-0663.95.2.293]
54. Desoete A. Metacognitive prediction and evaluation skills and mathematical learning in third-grade students. Educational Research and Evaluation. 2009;15(5):435-46. [
DOI:10.1080/13803610903444485]
55. Jitendra AK, Harwell MR, Dupuis DN, Karl SR. A randomized trial of the effects of schema-based instruction on proportional problem-solving for students with mathematics problem-solving difficulties. Journal of Learning Disabilities. 2017;50(3):322-36. [
DOI:10.1177/0022219416629646] [
PMID]
56. Fuchs LS, Seethaler PM, Powell SR, Fuchs D, Hamlett CL, Fletcher JM. Effects of preventative tutoring on the mathematical problem solving of third-grade students with math and reading difficulties. Exceptional Children. 2008;74(2):155-73. [
DOI:10.1177/001440290807400202] [
PMID] [
]
57. Boonen AJ, van der Schoot M, van Wesel F, de Vries MH, Jolles J. What underlies successful word problem solving? A path analysis in sixth grade students. Contemporary Educational Psychology. 2013;38(3):271-9. [
DOI:10.1016/j.cedpsych.2013.05.001]