دوره 22، شماره 1 - ( مجله علمی پژوهان، زمستان 1402 )                   جلد 22 شماره 1 صفحات 41-31 | برگشت به فهرست نسخه ها


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1- گروه تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، واحد همدان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، همدان، ایران
2- گروه تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، واحد همدان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، همدان، ایران ، azadian1@yahoo.com
چکیده:   (402 مشاهده)
سابقه و هدف: کودکان کم‌توان ذهنی (ID) علاوه­ بر اختلالاتی که در عملکردهای ذهنی دارند، در مهارت­ های ادراکی و حرکتی نیز دچار اختلال هستند که ممکن است به ضعف تعادلی و افزایش ریسک سقوط در این افراد منجر شود. هدف از انجام این مطالعه بررسی رابطه‌ی بین توانایی ­های حرکتی بنیادی و تغییرپذیری در کنترل قامت و مقایسه‌ی آن‌ها در کودکان کم­توان ذهنی آموزش­ پذیر با کودکان عادی بود.
مواد و روش ها: این مطالعه از نوع توصیفی بود که ۳۴ دختر کم­ توان ذهنی و ۳۰ کودک همتا و سالم با دامنه‌ی سنی ۷ تا  ۱۳ سال در آن شرکت کردند. متغیرهای تعادلی شامل دامنه‌ی حرکات، تغییرپذیری و سرعت حرکات مرکز فشار (CoP) با استفاده از تخته‌ی نیروی کیستلر و در وضعیت ایستادن تندم (Tandem) و جفت‌پا روی سطح پایدار و ناپایدار ارزیابی شدند. توانایی­ های بنیادی نیز با آزمون رشد حرکتی درشت ویرایش سوم (TGMD-۳) بررسی شد. از روش تی تست مستقل و تحلیل واریانس ویژه‌ی داده­ های تکراری برای بررسی اختلاف بین­ گروهی و درون­ گروهی در متغیرهای تعادلی استفاده شد. آزمون من‌یوویتنی و اسپیرمن نیز برای بررسی اختلاف بین‌گروهی و رابطه‌ی بین متغیرها به کار رفت. تمامی تجزیه‌وتحلیل­ های آماری با نرم ­افزار SPSS با ۰/۰۵>P ارزیابی شد.
یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان دادند که کودکان ID در مقیاس­ های آزمون TGMD-۳ نمره‌ی کمتری نسبت به گروه کنترل دارند (۰/۰۵>P). تغییرپذیری در ثبات قامت و دامنه‌ی حرکات CoP در گروه ID به‌طور معنی­ داری کمتر از گروه کنترل بود (۰/۰۵>P)، ولی اختلاف بین دو گروه در سرعت حرکات در تمام شرایط معنی­ دار نبود (۰/۰۵<P). نتایج رابطه­ سنجی نیز نشان داد که رابطه‌ی متوسط و معنی ­داری بین اکثیر مقیاس ­های جابه‌جایی و کنترل شیء با متغیرهای تعادلی وجود دارد (۰/۰۵>P).
نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج نشان­ دادند کـه کـودکان کم­ توان ذهنی در توانایی ­هـای بنیادی و تعادلی دچـار اختلال هستند. تغییرپذیری در کنترل قامت، به‌ویژه در جهت قدامی‌خلفی، می­تواند به افزایش ریسک سقوط منجر شود. مداخلات تعادلی ممکن است بر بهبود توانایی ­های بنیادی در کودکان ID و همچنین، افراد بدون اختلالات ذهنی، تأثیرگذار باشد.
متن کامل [PDF 1131 kb]   (119 دریافت)    
نوع مطالعه: مقاله پژوهشي | موضوع مقاله: توانبخشی
دریافت: 1402/3/27 | پذیرش: 1402/10/12 | انتشار: 1402/12/29

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