Showing 36 results for Children
Atta Heidari, Ayoub Valadbeigi,
Volume 11, Issue 1 (12-2012)
Abstract
Fereshteh Mohammadzaheri, Seyed Majid Rafiei, Mohammad Rezaei, Enayatollah Bakhshi,
Volume 11, Issue 3 (6-2013)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Autism is a lifetime developmental disability that determines with sever problem in social relations, communication and behavior. Regarding social interaction difficulties of these children and weakness of social skill interventions in creation of motivation. In this study we tried to examine effect of pivotal response treatment method on social skill of autistic children.
Methods: In this randomized control trial (RCT) study, according to inclusion and exclusion criteria, 30 autistic participants (6 to 11 years old) that matched based on age, gender and mean length utterance, from especial clinics of Hamedan’s autistic persons selected and placed randomly in one of groups of intervention and control. Sessions was administered individually, lasting for 60 minutes and 2 days a week for 3 months. Both groups of children were tested before and after intervention by CCC (children’s communication checklist) to assess social skill. Data analysis was done through descriptive statistics tests and covariance analysis.
Results: The findings of the study showed (according to covariance analysis between before and after of intervention in two groups) there is significant changes in social skill’s ability in intervention group.
Conclusion: the result of these study indicated effect of pivotal response treatment on social skills in autistic children, therefore this method mrecommended for speech and language pathologist.
Goharshad Pourbaferani, Ghonche Raheb, Mostafa Eqlima, Abbasali Yazdani,
Volume 11, Issue 4 (9-2013)
Abstract
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Volume 11, Issue 4 (9-2013)
Abstract
Zeynab Khoshhal, Sahere Sima Shirazi, Behruz Mahmoodi Bakhtiari, Enayatolla Bakhshi,
Volume 13, Issue 2 (3-2015)
Abstract
Introduction: one domain of morphology is inflection that adds syntactic considerations to the words. This domain is affected in individual with language disorders. So evaluation of inflection in these people is important. In this study, methods of verb tense inflection evaluation were compared and the best method was determined.
Methods: This study was descriptive-analytical. The participants included 27 girls and 28 boys who were in age group 3 and 4 years old. They were selected by multistage sampling method of Rasht kindergartens. 8 tasks were used for evaluating of verb tense inflection, include: Two optional task, Question task, Sentence completion 1, Sentence completion 2, Immediate repetition, Modelling 1, Modeling 2, Story completion. The tenses that were evaluated included: past simple, present perfect, past continuous, past perfect, simple present, present subjunctive. The results of study were analyzed using central tendency include the mean, measures of variability include the standard deviation (or variance), the minimum and maximum values of the variables and repeated measures with the use of SPSS 16.
Results: The mean scores of immediate repetition was more than others but because of inefficiency was abandoned. Thus story completion was chosen as the best method. Also the results of repeated measures showed that the scores of other methods had significant difference with story completion. Modeling 1 and modeling 2 had the least scores.
Conclusion: The story completion is the best method among other methods of this study.
Mansour Noori, Ebrahim Pishyareh, S.ali Hosseini, Nazila Akbarfahimi, Mehdi Rahgozar,
Volume 13, Issue 3 (6-2015)
Abstract
Introduction: Regarding the prevalence of upper extremity disorders in cerebral palsy and its importance in educational performance and participation in daily life activities of children, upper extremity function could hold an essential role in quality of life. So this study was conducted to evaluate the relationship between upper extremity function and quality of life in the children with spastic cerebral palsy which referred to medical centers in Tehran in 2013.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 50 children with spastic cerebral palsy were chosen by stratified sampling method from Roshd Occupational Therapy Center in Tehran, in 2013. The “quality of the upper extremity skills” test was performed by the evaluator and “the quality of life questionnaire for children with cerebral palsy” was completed by the parents. Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis were used in order to analyze the gained data by SPSS version 19 software.
Results: The results indicated that there is a significant relation between upper extremity factors and all criteria. Regression analyze showed that 35% of variance of the welfare and social acceptance criteria (P<0.001), 53% of participation and physical health criteria (P<0.001), 41% of function criteria (P<0.01), 28% of emotional welfare criteria (P<0.001), 29% of pain criteria and dissatisfaction with disability (P<0.001) is explained by factors of upper extremity function, respectively.
Conclusion: Our study states that having high level of upper extremity function is equal to higher level of quality of life and its scope. Therefore, in order to improve the upper extremity function, by programming and clinical reasoning, it is possible to promote the quality of life in spastic cerebral children.
Mahmoud Vakili, Zahra Momeni, Masoud Mohammadi, Moslem Koohgardi,
Volume 14, Issue 3 (6-2016)
Abstract
Introduction: Accidents are one of public health challenges and the most important causes of children mortality in the world and Iran. Considering the vulnerability of children, cognition of accident patterns can provide appropriate strategies to prevent accidents. The present study aimed to epidemiologically investigate accidents in children under six years of age.
Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was of cross-sectional studies. The information of 300 children under six years of age was collected by the Quota sampling from mothers reoffering to the health centers of Azadshahr in fall 2011 with a check list through interviews. The data were analyzed with the Chi-square test (SPSS version 21) after encoding.
Results: The mean age of the studied children and mothers were 5.30 and 26 years, respectively. The results showed that 78.4% of the children have had an accident. Physical injury (50.7%), burn (15.3%), fall (12%), poisoning (11%), traffic accident (10.3%) and drowning (0.7%) were the reasons for children accidents. The children of employed fathers and parents, who had higher education, had fewer accident and this difference was statistically significant (P<0.001).
Conclusion: The rate of accidents in Azadshahr is a higher figure in comparison with that of relevant studies. Therefore, it is suggested that preventive measures like parent training can be applied to reduce accident rates in children.
Maryam Dehghani , Hamideh Hakimi, Somayeh Mosazadeh , Zhaleh Zeinali , Seyyedeh Zhahra Shafiepour ,
Volume 16, Issue 3 (4-2018)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Injuries caused by burnt incidents are common in infants, and it is the most common and the third reason of mortalities in this age group. Based on differences in social, environmental, and cultural conditions in communities, investigating risk factors in each region are important. Hence, the present study aims to investigate the related factors to burning of 1-6 years old children.
Materials and Methods: This study is a descriptive, cross-sectional study and its sample includes 350 burned children between 1-6 years old. The data were collected from patients who were admitted to five hospitals. 175 out of all samples were in burnt group and 175 of them were in healthy group. Sampling method in both groups were sequential. To collect data, a questionnaire in three sections of demographic, familial, and environmental questions were conducted. Data has been analyzed with Mann-Whitney-U, Chi-Square, and Fisher Exact test and modeled by Multinomial Logistic Regression in SPSS 16.
Results: Data analysis revealed statistical significant differences between two groups among individual factors such as age distribution and among familial factors such as mother’s age, father’s education, among environmental factors such as size of the house, number of bedrooms, kitchen format, unavailability of flammable things, washing agents (P=0.001).
Conclusion: Based on the results, most burnings happened when infants were being fed and when all members of family were present. Burnt incidents were proved to happen more in low educated families. So, by effective training courses, risks of more burning events can be decreased and prevented.
Fatemeh Bayat Shahparast, Khalil Abbasi,
Volume 18, Issue 3 (4-2020)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Research in the field of economic socialization in Iran to children less attention has been paid. Limited research has also examined each specific aspect of this issue, and there is little research to match all aspects of the issue. Economic components affect the health of children.
Materials and Methods: In this structured review, all studies conducted within the country during the years 2006 to 2006 using the keywords economics, children, children's economics and the impact of economics from internal and external databases were reviewed and data were analyzed using the method. The meta-analysis was performed; the selected articles were collected according to inclusion criteria and finally were examined more closely.
Results: After searching the databases and extracting a large number of articles by title and abstract, 160 articles were reviewed and finally 11 articles were reviewed. Finally, the impact of economics on factors related to nutrition, mortality, motor skill, growth, IQ, dental health, accidents and mental health of children were discussed.
Conclusion: Recent studies have shown that all components of child health are related to the economic level of parents, especially mothers. Therefore, it seems necessary to implement educational programs for proper nutrition, accident prevention, dental health and psychological interventions in children from families with low socioeconomic status.
Farzaneh Abbaslo ,
Volume 18, Issue 4 (6-2020)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The most obvious way to change behavior in children is open play therapy. In the past, this method has focused more on the therapist interacting with the child, while some models have approached teaching this method to parents and relying on them as a mediator to repair and improve children's behaviors. One of these methods is the parent-child relationship play therapy model (CPRT). The aim of this study was to teach play therapy skills based on the parent-child relationship to mothers, in order to reduce behavioral problems in children with ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder).
Materials and Methods: In order to investigate this, preschool children aged 6-7 years were evaluated in two stages. In the first phase, 95 children were surveyed by the Child Behavior Inventory (CBCL), of which 27 had behavioral problems and 15 of their mothers were ready to participate in the project. Of these 15 patients, 7 in the experimental group and 8 in the control group were randomly replaced. All of these parents filled out the CBCL questionnaire in the pre-test and post-test stages. The control group waited for treatment and the experimental group participated in a play therapy training program for 10 2-hour sessions. Pre-test and post-test data were compared using Human Whitney test.
Results: The results showed that teaching play therapy skills to mothers reduced behavioral problems in children with ADHD in the experimental group compared to the control group.
Conclusions: Thus, it can be said that teaching mothers play-based play therapy based on the parent-child relationship (according to Landarth model) to mothers, in addition to ADHD children's behavioral problems in general, two more specific areas of these problems, namely Reduce internal and external problems to a significant level.
Fatemeh Cheraghi, Arash Kalili , Alireza Soltanian, Mahdi Eskandarlou, Pegah Sharifian,
Volume 19, Issue 1 (9-2020)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Burn is one of the most common events in childhood. Pain relief in burn patients helps to stabilize the patient's hemodynamic parameters. This study aimed to investigate the effect of visual aberration on dressing replacement pain in children aged 6-12 years.
Materials and Methods: In this one-blind clinical trial with a control group, 80 children aged 6-12 years admitted to the burn ward of Besat Hospital in Hamadan were selected by Available sampling method and then randomly divided into two groups of control and visual aberration. Data were collected using a demographic profile checklist and Usher pain tool. In the visual distraction group, a cartoon of a cat and mouse was broadcast from two minutes before the end of the dressing. In both groups, pain intensity was measured and recorded 10 minutes before dressing, at intervals of two minutes during dressing, and 5 minutes after dressing. Data were analyzed using SPSS 16 software and one-way analysis of variance and analysis of variance with repeated measures.
Results: The results showed that no significant differences were found in the demographic characteristics of children and parents between the two groups of visual distraction and control (P˃0.05). The mean scores of pain intensity at all measurement times between the two groups of visual distraction and The control had a statistically significant difference and in general, the pain intensity score in children in the visual distraction group was lower than the control group (P <0.001).
Conclusion: In general, the results showed that the visual distraction method is effective in reducing the severity of burn pain in children.
Fatemeh Cheraghi, Arash Khalili, Pegah Sharifian,
Volume 19, Issue 3 (5-2021)
Abstract
Background and Objective: As pain impulses ascend from the spinal cord, the autonomic nervous system is stimulated and leads to changes in physiological parameters. This study aimed to compare the effect of visual and auditory distractions on the physiological parameters during dressing change procedure in children aged 6-12 years.
Materials and Methods: This blinded clinical trial was conducted using a three-group design. In total, 120 children aged 6-12 years met the inclusion criteria and were randomly assigned to a control, as well as two visual and auditory distraction groups using the randomized block method. The data were collected using the physiological index record sheet and pulse oximetry device. A cartoon and a rhythmic melody were played for each child in the visual and auditory distraction groups, respectively, two minutes before the onset of the dressing to the end of the dressing change. In all three groups, the heart rate and arterial blood oxygen saturation percentage were measured and recorded during and 5 minutes after dressing change. The obtained data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 16) through one-way analysis of variance, repeated measures analysis of variance, and Bonferroni post hoc test.
Results: There was a statistically significant difference among the visual, auditory, and control groups regarding the mean heart rate of the children during the dressing changing and 5 minutes later (P˂0.001). Furthermore, the analysis of variance with repeated measures showed a significant difference between the visual and auditory groups in terms of the mean heart rate between the measurement times (P˂0.001). A significant difference was also observed among the visual, auditory, and control groups regarding the mean percentage of arterial blood oxygen saturation in children during dressing change and 5 minutes later (P˂0.001). Analysis of variance with repeated measures revealed a significant difference among the visual, auditory, and control groups in terms of the mean percentage of arterial blood oxygen saturation between the measurement times (P˂0.001).
Conclusion: The use of visual and auditory distractions is a suitable method to reduce the intensity of fluctuations in physiological parameters during dressing change in children with burns. It should be mentioned that out of these two methods, visual distraction was more effective in reducing the intensity of heart rate fluctuations, compared to auditory distraction.
Majid Kashef , Fatemeh Nourzad, Alireza Kashef,
Volume 19, Issue 3 (5-2021)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Childhood is the most important period of motor development which strongly affects motor function and abilities. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship of anthropometric features with balance and fundamental skills in 3-6 years old girls and boys in Tehran, Iran.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive-correlational and field study used Morgan table to determine the sample size. For the purpose of the study, 774 children (3-6 years old) in two groups of boys with mean weight of 18.90±4.23 kg and girls with mean weight of 18.03 ± 3.94 kg were selected via cluster sampling from kindergartens in Tehran. This sample size exceeded the calculated value based on Morgan table. Anthropometric indices (e.g., height, arm length, leg length, sitting height), fundamental skills (e.g., jumping, catching the ball, throwing the ball), and balance were measured in this study. To analyze the data, Spearman correlation coefficient was used to examine the relationship between anthropometric features and fundamental skills. Moreover, the Mann-Whitney test was employed to assess differences in fundamental skills between boys and girls.
Results: Based on the results, anthropometric factors were significantly correlated with fundamental skills and balance in girls and boys. Nonetheless, balance was negatively and significantly correlated with leg length (P=0.02; r=-0.21) and sitting height (P=0.02; r=-0.22) in 5-year-old girls.
Conclusion: Movement limitations in preschool are serious barriers to the development of balance and some fundamental skills, simultaneous with physical development. It is suggested that parents and kindergarten officials promote children's motor development by providing them with a variety of movement opportunities.
Fahimeh Abdoli , Mohsen Golparvar, Asghar Aghaei ,
Volume 19, Issue 4 (9-2021)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Early childhood care and education has recently attracted much attention for promoting optimal development of children. The present study was administered to evaluate the effectiveness of early childhood care and education on the intelligence of children 2 to 24 months and their mother’s affective capital and parenting stress.
Materials and Methods: A total of 25 participants (50 mothers and children) were selected through purposive sampling for each of the groups of 2 to 12 and 13 to 24 months. The Cattell Infant Intelligence Scale, Affective Capital Questionnaire, and Parenting Stress Questionnaire were used to assess independent variables. Each group of mothers and children received early care and education for 6 weeks. Data were analyzed using a paired samples t-test.
Results: The results indicated that early childhood care and education significantly improved the intelligence of children 2 to 12 and 13 to 24 months by 1.20 and 1.59, and their mothers' affective capital by 25.52 and 12.47, respectively (P<0.01). The observations also suggested that early childhood care and education reduced the parenting stress among mothers of children aged 2 to 24 months by 103.20 and 37.47, respectively (P<0.01).
Conclusions: It is recommended to pay more attention to early childhood care and education in families and kindergartens due to its effectiveness in improving the intelligence of children 2 to 24 months, as well as increasing the affective capital and reducing the stress of parenting in mothers.
Fatemeh Mirzaei, Fatemeh Cheraghi, Salman Khazaei, Mohammad Rezaei, Mahdieh Seyedi, Fatemeh Mohammadi,
Volume 20, Issue 2 (5-2022)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Disability to recognize an emotional state is one of the most important behavioral problems in children with autism severely affects their interactions and consequently their parents' parental competence. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of emotional states on parental competence in children with autism.
Materials and Methods: The present study is a clinical trial study. Autistic children with autism were block randomly assigned to intervention and control groups. Children in the intervention group received ten 45-minute training sessions using 40 images related to four states of happiness, sadness, anger, and fear. Mothers in both groups completed the questionnaires at the beginning and one day after the intervention.
Results: Emotional state training has improved parental competence in the intervention group. Also, there was a statistically significant difference in the total and dimensional score of parental competence between the two groups (P< 0.001).
Conclusions: Teaching emotional states to children with autism improved parental competence in mothers. Accordingly, it is suggested that facial education be placed in the educational priorities of these children.
Mr Milad Hajighafoori-Boukani, Mr Arash Khalili, Dr Asadolah Tanasan, Dr Leili Tapak, Tayebeh Hasan Tehrani,
Volume 20, Issue 3 (9-2022)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Congenital heart disease is one of the most common congenital anomalies in children. The purpose of this study was the evaluation of social support in parents of children with congenital heart disease.
Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive correlational study. The study population included 200 parents of children with congenital heart disease who referred to Imam Khomeini Clinic in Hamedan in 2020 via available sampling method and using the demographic information questionnaire, social support questionnaire Zimat. Data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics.
Results: The mean and standard deviation of the total score of social support 41.4 ± 5.61. The highest social support 15.71 ± 2.23 was related to the family dimension and the lowest social support 12.17 ± 2.39 was related to the dimension of friends. The results of this study showed that the average total score of social support in terms of all demographic variables of parents except maternal occupation has a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05).
Conclusions: Social support is tool that improves the quality of life in parents of children with congenital heart disease, so it is recommended to develop a comprehensive care plan for these patients alongside, increasing their parent's social support.
Fatemeh Cheraghi, Arash Khalili, Afshin Fayazi, Leili Tapak, Afsaneh Familmotaghi,
Volume 20, Issue 4 (12-2022)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Migraine is a chronic disease and the most common type of debilitating headache in children.The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between self-management and headache severity, quality of life and physical activity in children with migraine.
Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 200 children with chronic migraine referred to the clinic of Besat Hospital and Imam Khomeini Clinic in Hamadan during the years 2019-2021 were studied. The research tools consisted of questionnaires for demographic information, stages of pain transformation, examining the effect of headache, Kindle quality of life and physical activity. Analysis of variance and Pearson correlation test were used to analyze the data. The significance level was at 0.05.
Results: One-way analysis of variance test showed that there was no statistically significant difference between the mean scores of headache self-management and the duration of migraine attacks in terms of headache severity. There was a direct and significant relationship between headache intensity score and quality of life and the number of migraine headache symptoms (P < 0.05) and a significant inverse relationship (P < 0.01) with the number of migraine attacks per month. There was a statistically significant difference between number of migraine episodes in a month and the severity of headache (P < 0.01).
Conclusions: Self-management was not associated with the headache severity, quality of life and physical activity, but severe headache reduced the quality of life and decreased the frequency of symptoms and increased the number of migraine episodes per month.
Mehdi Shakerian, Seyed Mahmood Mosavinezhad,
Volume 20, Issue 4 (12-2022)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Mental calming techniques including relaxation and cognitive-behavioral hypnotherapy, are very important because they induce relaxation, a pleasant feeling and a sense of well-being. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of relaxation and cognitive-behavioral hypnosis therapy on children's stress.
Materials and Methods: In a quasi-experimental pre-test-post-test study, among all fifth grade male elementary school students in the second district of Mashhad in the academic year 2020-2021, 45 people were selected by purposive sampling method and randomly divided into three groups (Experiment one: Relaxation, Experiment Two: Cognitive-behavioral hypnosis therapy, group 3: control group). The experimental groups received the intervention program, but the control group did not receive any intervention. Data were collected through a stress questionnaire. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance.
Results: The results showed that relaxation training and cognitive-behavioral hypnosis therapy were effective in reducing children's stress (P < 0.01), and there was no difference between the effectiveness of two therapies in reducing children's stress (P < 0.05).
Conclusions: Relaxation training and cognitive-behavioral hypnosis therapy can be used as an alternative treatment along with other psychological interventions in the treatment of children's psychological problems.
Saeideh Almasi, Somayeh Karimi, Elham Godarzi,
Volume 20, Issue 4 (12-2022)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Stereotyped movements are one of the main symptoms in children with autism and can cause disruption in the daily life of the child. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Spark exercise program and music on stereotyped behavior of children with autism spectrum disorder.
Materials and Methods: This study was a quasi-experimental, before and after study. The study sample consisted of 20 children aged 5 to 12 years with autism in Boroujerd in 2021 who were included in the study according to the inclusion criteria. Stereotyped behaviors were measured by the Gilliam Autism Rating Scale (GARS) scale. Then the intervention consisted of 24 sessions of Spark exercise program with music, 3 sessions lasting for 45 minutes per week for 8 weeks. Instruments completed immediately and one month after the intervention and the results were compared with the pre-test results.
Results: According to the analysis of variance with repeated measures, there was a statistically significant difference between the mean score of stereotyped behavior before the intervention, immediately after the intervention and one month after the intervention (P = 0.0001, F (1, 19) = 12.6).
Conclusions: The results showed that spark and music program can be effective in reducing stereotyped behaviors in children with autism spectrum disorders. Therefore, given the simplicity, effectiveness and cheapness of these activities, it is recommended to be used by educators and families as a way to improve the social life of these children.
Saba Ebrahimiramezani, Zoya Pahlevani, Zahra Khosravi, Samad Moslehi,
Volume 21, Issue 1 (3-2023)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Tooth decay is the most common chronic oral disease that can be caused by the long-term use of oral liquid medications. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the carcinogenic potential of three common supplements syrups on deciduous teeth in pediatric dentistry.
Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 18 extracted healthy deciduous teeth were randomly divided into three groups including the first group of Osteocare, the second group of Feroglobin, and the third group of Kindermulti. The amount of micro-hardness of the teeth was measured using the Vickers hardness testing machine on the first day and after 28 days. The pH of the supplements was measured by a digital pH meter. Comparison of groups was performed by one-way analysis of variance and paired t-test using.
Results: The test results showed that after 28 days of immersion, the mean micro-hardness in the groups of Feroglobin, Osteocare, and Kindermulti was not statistically significant. The mean micro-hardness of the Osteocare group was different on the first day and day 28 and the amount of micro-hardness in this group was decreased during 28 days.
Conclusions: According to the results, Osteocare had the most cariogenic potential. Feroglobin and Kindermulti have a slight cariogenicity that can be ignored. The type of sugar and the number of times the supplement is used have a greater effect on caries than the minerals in the supplement.
