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1- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
2- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
3- Research Center of Health Sciences, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
4- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran ,zahrasanaei58@yahoo.com
2- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
3- Research Center of Health Sciences, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
4- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran ,
Abstract: (13 Views)
Background and Objectives: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major global public health concern, associated with significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Pediatric and adolescent TB reflects ongoing transmission and presents unique clinical challenges. This study aims to examine the ten -year trend of TB among children and adolescents in Hamadan Province, Iran, to provide data-driven insights for policymakers and contribute to reducing the regional burden of TB.
Materials and Methods: This retrospective descriptive-analytical study included all identified TB cases among individuals under 18 years of age in Hamadan Province, Iran, over 10 years from 2012 to 2022. Data were extracted from the TB-register system of the Health Deputy of Hamadan University of Medical Sciences. A total of 35 cases of TB were identified among children and adolescents under 18 years of age during the study period.
Results: Regarding TB type, 60% had extra-pulmonary TB and 40% had pulmonary TB. Among extra-pulmonary cases, lymph node involvement was the most common manifestation. Of the 14 pulmonary TB cases, 57.1% had negative initial smears. After two months of treatment, 83.3% of smear-positive patients converted to smear-negative. Most cases were newly diagnosed, and treatment outcomes were favorable. Temporal trend analysis revealed a statistically significant decline in TB incidence among children and adolescents in Hamadan Province.
Conclusion: Key findings indicate that extra-pulmonary TB was predominant, with lymph node involvement being the most common site. A significant decline in pediatric TB incidence over the past 10 years suggests progress in regional TB control efforts. Enhanced surveillance and targeted interventions are required to further reduce the pediatric TB burden in this region.
Materials and Methods: This retrospective descriptive-analytical study included all identified TB cases among individuals under 18 years of age in Hamadan Province, Iran, over 10 years from 2012 to 2022. Data were extracted from the TB-register system of the Health Deputy of Hamadan University of Medical Sciences. A total of 35 cases of TB were identified among children and adolescents under 18 years of age during the study period.
Results: Regarding TB type, 60% had extra-pulmonary TB and 40% had pulmonary TB. Among extra-pulmonary cases, lymph node involvement was the most common manifestation. Of the 14 pulmonary TB cases, 57.1% had negative initial smears. After two months of treatment, 83.3% of smear-positive patients converted to smear-negative. Most cases were newly diagnosed, and treatment outcomes were favorable. Temporal trend analysis revealed a statistically significant decline in TB incidence among children and adolescents in Hamadan Province.
Conclusion: Key findings indicate that extra-pulmonary TB was predominant, with lymph node involvement being the most common site. A significant decline in pediatric TB incidence over the past 10 years suggests progress in regional TB control efforts. Enhanced surveillance and targeted interventions are required to further reduce the pediatric TB burden in this region.
Type of Study: Research Article |
Subject:
Biostatistic & Epidemiology
Received: 2025/08/31 | Accepted: 2025/09/6
Received: 2025/08/31 | Accepted: 2025/09/6
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