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Showing 3 results for Khoshhal

Zeynab Khoshhal, Sahere Sima Shirazi, Behruz Mahmoodi Bakhtiari, Enayatolla Bakhshi,
Volume 13, Issue 2 (Pajouhan Scientific Journal, Winter 2015)
Abstract

Introduction: one domain of morphology is inflection that adds syntactic considerations to the words. This domain is affected in individual with language disorders. So evaluation of inflection in these people is important. In this study, methods of verb tense inflection evaluation were compared and the best method was determined.

Methods: This study was descriptive-analytical. The participants included 27 girls and 28 boys who were in age group 3 and 4 years old. They were selected by multistage sampling method of Rasht kindergartens. 8 tasks were used for evaluating of verb tense inflection, include: Two optional task, Question task, Sentence completion 1, Sentence completion 2, Immediate repetition, Modelling 1, Modeling 2, Story completion. The tenses that were evaluated included: past simple, present perfect, past continuous, past perfect, simple present, present subjunctive. The results of study were analyzed using central tendency include the mean, measures of variability include the standard deviation (or variance), the minimum and maximum values of the variables and repeated measures with the use of SPSS 16.

Results: The mean scores of immediate repetition was more than others but because of inefficiency was abandoned. Thus story completion was chosen as the best method. Also the results of repeated measures showed that the scores of other methods had significant difference with story completion. Modeling 1 and modeling 2 had the least scores.

Conclusion: The story completion is the best method among other methods of this study.


Zeynab Kkhoshhal, Ali Jahan, Majid Mirzaee,
Volume 15, Issue 2 (Pajouhan Scientific Journal, Winter 2017)
Abstract

Introduction: Child's vocabulary increases with age and knowing its growth is important for research and clinical purposes. This study aimed to determine the most frequent words and lexical categories in Azari-speaking children aged from 18 to 24 months. Also the lexical development trend up to 24 months was studied. 

Methods: This longitudinal study was conducted on 17 18-24 month old Azari-speaking children selected by the cluster sampling method from Tabriz’s kindergartens and lasted for 6 months. The tools for the collection of data included weekly children's vocabulary sheet and vocabulary lists. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics.

Results: Among 279 words, 31 words were used in the first week of 18 months. Childlike words: foods and stereotypes were the most used words. Childlike words made the largest category and animal words made the smallest category. Thirty seven words met the age of acquisition criteria during 6 months that the childlike category with 11 words was the largest and grammatical words and location categories each with 1 word were the smallest categories.

Conclusion: Considering that childlike words are most used compared to other categories, it can be concluded that children, at first, learn words that are easier pronounced and expressive lexicon size and variety of its categorizes increase by age increase.



Majid Mirzaee, Zeynab Khoshhal,
Volume 18, Issue 1 (Pajouhan Scientific Journal, Autumn 2019)
Abstract

Background and Objective: The length and complexity of syllable structure in the utterances of the children increase with ageing. According to the role of the syllable in the speech process, performance of developmental studies on syllable acquisition in children are essential. The present study aimed to investigate the development and attainment of syllable structure and the distribution of syllable pattern in Azeri-speaking children.
Materials and Methods: This longitudinal study was conducted on seventeen Azeri-speaking children (18-24 months old) selected by the cluster sampling method from Tabriz’s kindergartens and followed for 6 months. A researcher-made vocabulary sheet, vocabulary list, and verbal play were used to record children's expressive vocabulary. After collecting each child's vocabulary list, the target vocabulary was classified by syllable number and syllable structure. The data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics.
Results: In children aged 18 and 19 months, 67% of vocabulary words were monosyllable, 24% bisyllable, and 9% more than bisyllable. The highest amount of syllable pattern production for monosyllable and bisyllable was CVC (36%) and CVCV (52%), respectively. Distribution of syllable patterns changed with age, as well as patterns became more complex. In these two months, the rate of usage of open and closed syllables was 35% and 65%, respectively; this ratio was constant with age.
Conclusion: The children produced coda consonants before they were able to distinguish vowel length. Closed syllables were earned earlier than the vowel length, and obstruent consonants at the syllable coda position before sonorant consonants. At first, the children were not able to distinguish vowel length, but with age, they showed short and long vowels representation.


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