Showing 13 results for Epidemiology
Mohamad Saatchi, Ghodratolah Roshanaei, Salman Khazaei, Ali Zahiri, Jalal Bathaei,
Volume 12, Issue 3 (6-2014)
Abstract
Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the oldest diseases worldwide with a great deal of mortality. It consists of either pulmonary or extra-pulmonary type with 15% of tuberculosis cases are caused by the latter. The most common site of extra-pulmonary TB is in lymph glands (nearly 40% of the cases). The objective of the current study is the epidemiological assessment of the contributors of extra-pulmonary TB in Hamadan province.
Methods: 250 patients with extra-pulmonary TB diagnosed between 1384 till 1390 had been evaluated and the data on age, gender, residential and clinical status had been gathered. For analytical purposes Chi square and T-test were used by Statistical software version 16 (SPSS- 16).
Results: There were 115 men (46% of sample) in the study. 171 patients (68.4%) were urban residents. After diagnosis of TB, 14 patients had been deceased. The mean (SD) of age of the patients was 43.6 (19.9) years with 37.6% of them older than 50. The incidence rate of extra-pulmonary TB is found to be 2.1(per one hundred thousand persons) and 39% lymphatic TB as the most common engaged site (39% of the times).
Conclusion: based on the our results the epidemiological perspective of extra-pulmonary TB in Hamadan is consistent with other areas in the country. Also we found that the diagnosis procedures for extra-pulmonary TB are acceptable so that one third of the TB patients would have been diagnosed as cases.
Mansour Nazari, Reza Goudarztalejerdi, Abbas Moradi,
Volume 13, Issue 2 (3-2015)
Abstract
Introduction: Despite progress in health and medical sciences, human lice are still considered as a health problem. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and factors associated with its pediculosis in Central Prison of Hamadan in 2013.
Methods: In this descriptive and analytical cross sectional study, from 2900 male prisoners, 384 were selected by the systematic method. After reviewing in terms of pediculosis infection, the extracted data were analyzed by using SPSS software version 20.
Results: The study showed that 5.2% of the prisoner was infected with louse. Most infections were observed in the age group of 30-39 years old, and the lowest in the group of 20 years old and less (P>0.05). The highest rate of pediculosis was seen in the people had drug addiction, and buying and selling, no specific bed, common use of bed and blankets, bath once and less per week (P<0.05). Comparison of Age, a period of imprisonment, level of education and number of prisoners in room, between healthy and infected people showed no significant difference (P>0.05). Most cases of infected with lice were in the head (85%), body (10%) and pubic (5%).
Conclusion: Considering the results of this study, it can be said that the conditions of the prison, including density, the type of crime and lack of hygiene and the use of personal devices are highly associated with the prevalence of pediculosis.
Masoud Sabouri Ghannad, Ghodratollah Roshanaei, Nooshin Jafari, Zahra Omidi, Haleh Habibi,
Volume 13, Issue 3 (6-2015)
Abstract
Introduction: Herpes simplex virus infection is one of the most common human infections in most parts
of the world. Infection of female genitalia, as a common involving region in body, may cause neonatal
infection to vitus and lead to dangerous complications. The aim of the current research was the assessment
of the seroepidemiology of herpes simplex virus (HSV) in females referring to genetic center of
Shahid Beheshti hospital in Hamadan from 2005 to 2010.
Methods: In this retrospective descriptive study, from total of 5700 females, referring to the genetic
center of ShahidBeheshti Hospital in Hamadan between 2005-2009, 921 females who their medical data
of HSV tests were available in their records were studied. The collected data were analyzed using Chi
square test, univariate and multivariate logistic regression models and SPSS version 16 software.
Results: The results showed that 5.3% of the females referring to genetic center of Shahid Beheshti Hospital
of hamadn were seropositive for hsv-2 antibody. The trend for change in prevalence of seropostivity
of HSV 2 was significant and there was a meaningful relationship between marriage status and positivity
of Hsv2 antibody among females.
Conclusion: It seems that the prevalence of HSV-2 infection has had a decreased trend in recent years.
The prevalence rate of HSV-2 was in consistent with other parts of the country, which may be due to the
awareness of people of transmission routs, prevention as well as treatment methods.
Mansour Nazari, Abbas Moradi, Mostafa Anvari Peyman,
Volume 13, Issue 3 (6-2015)
Abstract
Introduction: Scabies is a highly contagious zoonotic skin disease caused by the parasitic mite. The disease spreads throughout the world and a is major public health problem in many developing countries and basically associated with poverty and overcrowding population.Therefore, the objective of the current study was to investigate epidemiologically the scabies in the central prison of Hamadan in 2013.
Methods: This is an analytical descriptive-cross sectional study. From 2900 male prisoners, 384 were chosen by using the systematic method after checking and clinical examination then, the data were gathered by the demographic questionnaire and they were analyzed by SPSS version 20 using chi-square test and T-test.
Results: The results showed that 2.6% of the prisoners were diagnosed with scabies. The highest prevalence was in the age group of 30-39 years. Also, the prevalence of scabies was observed more in people, who were in prison for less than 6 months, buying and selling of drug addiction, lack of having a specific bed, common use of blankets, bath once and less per week and lack of using shampoo and soap. Rate of infection on the trunk, arms and legs were 40, 40 and 20 percent, respectively. Mean of age, term of imprisonment and prisoner’s room members did not show a significant difference between healthy and infected individuals (P>0.05).
Conclusion: In this study, high incidence rate of scabies was seen. With education about symptoms and ways of transmission and treatment of infected patients and improve health as well as reduce the number of prisoners living in each room can be an important step in the control of the disease.
Roya Najafi Vosogh, Ghodratollah Roshanaei, Salman Khazaei, Maliheh Safari, Ali Zahiri, Jalal Bothaei,
Volume 14, Issue 1 (12-2015)
Abstract
Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB), as the most common cause of death from infectious disease in the world, is estimated to rank 10th in view of the global burden of disease. Due to the increasing prevalence of this disease and reduce the incidence of smear-positive pulmonary TB in the province, this study was designed to investigate the TB epidemiology and its affected factors in Hamadan province.
Methods: In this study, 842 patients with TB during 2007 to 2013 referred to the health centers of the province were studied. All information of patients, including age, gender, place of residence and patients’ condition, were collected. Data was analyzed by Chi-square test using SPSS22 statistical software.
Results: The mean age of patients was 54.01±21.75. Of patients, 425 individuals (50.4%) were female. 2.1% of patients were infected with HIV, 579 (68.7%) with pulmonary TB and 412 (71.1%) were smear-positive cases. There was no significant relationship between gender and type of TB (P=0.81). Between place of residence (urban-rural) and the type of TB a significant relationship was found (P< 0.005). Age and type of TB, as well, showed statistically significant correlation (P<0.01).
Conclusion: In this study, most patients with TB were in the age group of over 70 years old. Therefore, it is recommended to do more accurate screening in this age group to reduce the incidence risk of disease. Considering the high prevalence of TB and HIV at the same time, training and preventive Proceedings to control tuberculosis is recommended.
Javad Namrodi, Vahid Ajemaein, Meysam Soleymani, Moslem Taheri, Soulmaz Sadat Hosseini, Mojtaba Moghateli,
Volume 14, Issue 2 (3-2016)
Abstract
Introduction: Cutaneous Leishmaniasis is considered as an important health problem in Iran. This disease begins as small swells (papules) and then they gradually grow and turn into wounds. Since the epidemiological study of this problem is effective in preventing and controlling it, the current research was conducted to study the epidemiological study of cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Khash city during the past 7 years.
Methods: This cross-sectional study has been conducted on registered information and documents of the patients having problem in Khash city’s remedial and health care centers over the past 7 years. First, the registered demographic and epidemiological data of the patients were extracted and then they were analyzed by using SPSS 18 software with chi-square test .
Results: 175 patients included 88 males (53%) and 87 females (47%). The majority of the patients were between nine months and four years old and the minority of them were over the range of 40 to 49 years old. Most lesions were on the face or organs of the patients. It was also found that there was a significant relationship between age groups and types of Leishmaniasis (P<0.05) as well as gender and type leishmaniasis (P<0.05).
Conclusion: According to our study, there has been a downward trend in disease frequency in Khash city from 2009 to 2014. This reduction of the disease is due to an improvement in health education situation as well as performance of personal hygiene tasks among the people.
Salman Khazaei, Sakineh Mazharmanesh, Zaher Khazaei, Elham Goodarzi, Razieh Mirmoini, Abdollah Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Somayeh Khazaei,
Volume 14, Issue 2 (3-2016)
Abstract
Introduction: Injuries from accidents are the major and avoidable causes of illness and death in most countries of the world. Knowledge of the occurrence of accidents is of special importance to health policy makers. The aim of this study was to determine the injuries caused by accidents in emergency department of Hamadan province.
Methods: This study is descriptive-analytic from cross sectional type, that all patients referred to emergency department of hospitals in Hamadan province, during 2009 to 2014, were assessed. Data extracted from injury register software and was analyzed with Stata software version 12, at an inaccuracy of less than 5%.To determine the relation between sex and mechanism of injury chi square test was used.
Results: A total of 135,925 patients were registered during this period. Mean age of patients was 30.19±18.4. 72.6% of cases were men and 39.74% in the age group of 20-34 years. Household accidents included 37.27% of the occurred accidents. Hitting (22.21%), car accidents (21.78%) and falling (10.69%), were the most accidents accounted in both sexes. There was a significant difference between sex and mechanism of injury (P<0.001).
Conclusion: Because the men in youth and middle age are the most victims of accidents, therefore a great economic burden is imposed on the society. Moreover, it is necessary to allocate precise educations for this age group and to take preventive strategies to reduce the burden of injuries related to accidents.
Mahmoud Vakili, Zahra Momeni, Masoud Mohammadi, Moslem Koohgardi,
Volume 14, Issue 3 (6-2016)
Abstract
Introduction: Accidents are one of public health challenges and the most important causes of children mortality in the world and Iran. Considering the vulnerability of children, cognition of accident patterns can provide appropriate strategies to prevent accidents. The present study aimed to epidemiologically investigate accidents in children under six years of age.
Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was of cross-sectional studies. The information of 300 children under six years of age was collected by the Quota sampling from mothers reoffering to the health centers of Azadshahr in fall 2011 with a check list through interviews. The data were analyzed with the Chi-square test (SPSS version 21) after encoding.
Results: The mean age of the studied children and mothers were 5.30 and 26 years, respectively. The results showed that 78.4% of the children have had an accident. Physical injury (50.7%), burn (15.3%), fall (12%), poisoning (11%), traffic accident (10.3%) and drowning (0.7%) were the reasons for children accidents. The children of employed fathers and parents, who had higher education, had fewer accident and this difference was statistically significant (P<0.001).
Conclusion: The rate of accidents in Azadshahr is a higher figure in comparison with that of relevant studies. Therefore, it is suggested that preventive measures like parent training can be applied to reduce accident rates in children.
Manizheh Kashinahanji , Mohammad Fallah , Masoud Saidijam, Mohammad Matini, Khosro Sardarian , Amir Hossein Maghsood,
Volume 15, Issue 4 (9-2017)
Abstract
Introduction: Giardia lamblia is one of the main causative agents of debilitating diarrhea and occurs in endemic and epidemic forms among children and travelers all around the world. The aim of this study was determining the prevalence and associated risk factors of giardiasis among hospitalized and health care centers patients of Hamadan city.
Methods: This study was accomplished on people admitted to the hospitals and health care centers of Hamadan during 2014 to 2015. After getting informed consent and recording of demographic data and clinical symptoms, faucal samples of volunteers were examined, using direct wet preparations and the suspicious samples were tested by formalin-ether and trichrome staining procedures. The data were analyzed with Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests. The level of significance was set at 0.05.
Results: From a total of 4066 (2004 male and 2062 female, with a mean age of 32 years) examined people, 64 (1.6%) were infected with G. lamblia. The incidence rate for males was nearly twice as great as females (2.09% vs. 1.05%) (P< 0.001). The most common clinical symptoms of patients were flatulence and abdominal pain
. There were significant relationships between infection and factors such as the type of drinking water, age, and education level, but statistically, no significant relationship was observed between infection with G. lamblia and place of residence, contact with domestic animals, method of washing raw vegetables and travel history.
Conclusion: Although the results showed the relatively low prevalence of giardiasis in Hamadan (1.6%), but due to complications of giardiasis such as malnutrition and failure to thrive, especially in children, promotion of public health especially providing safe drinking water must be considered for the prevention and control of the infection.
Mona Rezapour Esfahani, Leila Jouybari, Parastoo Ghasemzadeh Pirsara, Arash Rezaee Shahmirzadi, Elham Mobaseri , Akram Sanagoo, Soheyla Kalantari ,
Volume 16, Issue 1 (11-2017)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Preeclampsia is the third leading cause of maternal mortality in the world. Despite extensive studies, its etiology remains unknown. Determining the incidence and the risk factors of the disorder in different regions can be useful in diagnosis, treatment and prevention of complications. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of preeclampsia and its related factors in the women admitted to obstetrics and gynecology ward of Shahid Sayyad Shirazi Hospital.
Materials and Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 572 high risk pregnant women referred to obstetrics and gynecology department of Shahid Sayyad Shirazi Teaching Hospital in Gorgan during April to March 2013 were evaluated using valid checklist. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 16 and descriptive statistics.
Results: Among total of 572 records, 43 women were known preeclampsia cases and 17 of them were eclampsia. The incidence of preeclampsia was 7.51% and ecclampsia was 2.97%. The mean age of hospitalized mothers due to preeclampsia was 29.11 years. 55.8% of mothers were in age range of 26-35 years. Five percents of the mothers had a history of cardiovascular disease and 28.3% had a history of hypertension.
Conclusions: Maternal hospitalization due to preeclampsia was high among other serious pregnancy problems. The prevalence of preeclampsia in our study population was significantly different from global statistics requiring further investigation.
Javad Faradmal, Sara Ramazanjammat , Molood Bayat , Nasim Karimi, Ghodratollah Roshanaei, Mehrdokht Mazdeh ,
Volume 17, Issue 1 (11-2018)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Guillain-Barre syndrome is an autoimmune neurological disease that is considered as the most serious type of paralysis without reflex. Different factors and therapeutic measures are effective in causes and how to control it. The aim of this study was to determine the epidemiology of Guilen Barre syndrome in Hamedan province during the years 2006-2015.
Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive study the required information from the records of 159 patients admitted to hospital Farshchian Hamadan, was investigated over a period of 8 years. The relationship between variables was analyzed by SPSS software version 16 using chi-squared test and independent T-test.
Results: Of the 159 patients, 58 (40.8%) were female and 98 (61.6%) were married. The mean age of patients was 48 ± 22.6. Lower limb weakness (95%) was the most common symptom and difficulty in swallowing and respiratory distress had the lowest incidence of symptoms. The largest age group of patients with Guillen-Baar syndrome was between the ages of 21-30. Relative healing was observed in 43 cases (27%) and death was observed in 15 cases (9.4%). There was no statistically significant relationship between gender, age, and marital status with symptoms appearing in patients with Guillen-Baar syndrome.
Conclusion: The results revealed a different pattern of the epidemiology of Guillain-Barre syndrome in Iran from other countries. So different environmental factors are involved in GBS. According to disability and even death in such GBS patients, further research to find the etiology, treatment and prevention services will be required.
Fahimeh Baghaei, Naser Mohammad Gholi Mezerji, Setareh Shojaei, Milad Amirian,
Volume 17, Issue 2 (3-2019)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Epidemiological study in Oral lesions and diseases can help to identify risk factors for preventing diseases. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the frequency of salivary gland lesions in a pathology laboratory of Hamedan dental school and Besat Hospital.
Materials and Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study all records of patients from 2006 to 2017 were reviewed by referring to the Department of Pathology of Hamadan Dental School and Archives of Besat Hospital. The required data including histopathologic diagnosis and anatomic location of lesions, age and gender were recorded and the data were analyzed using SPSS v.16 statistical software.
Results: The results showed that salivary lesions comprise 6/63% of total head and neck lesions, of which 65.4%, 24.3% and 10.3% of lesions were non-neoplastic and benign and malignant neoplastic lesions respectively. Also, the forecasting of the incidence of cases for the next three years was at least 6.20% and a maximum of 10.36%.
Conclusion: The results of this study suggested that future studies with more emphasis on clinicians will provide more accurate information about patients. Also, extensive studies are suggested in other cities and provinces with a longer period of time.
Mehrdad Maleki Jamasbi, Hiva Azami, Seyedeh Hadis Ebrahimi Neshat, Kamran Alipour, Fatemeh Jahani, Sajjad Amiri Bonyad,
Volume 19, Issue 1 (9-2020)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Neonatal mortality rate has declined in the last decade. however, the trend of these deaths in our country is much higher than developed countries. Therefore, it is important to study the epidemiological indicators in the field of mortality. In this regard, the present study was conducted with the aim of epidemiological study of neonatal mortality in hospitalized neonates in the neonatal intensive care unit of medical-educational hospitals in Hamadan city in 2018.
Materials and Methods: In this retrospective descriptive cross-sectional study, the information of all neonates hospitalized and died for one year in the neonatal intensive care unit in Hamadan educational-medical hospitals in 2018, by census method, was extracted from the medical records of patients by using a checklist from a researcher-made questionnaire. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistical tests.
Results: From 2156 hospitalized, 109 patient died, that the highest mortality rate was among the result of cesarean section neonates (68.9%), with APGAR score of 0-7 (82.6%), without congenital malformations (66.1%), weighting less than 1500 grams at birth (48.6%), in the gestational age 32-38 weeks (39.44%). Based on the results, most of the dead persons were single-day neonates, male, with head circumference 35 cm, at the age of 18 to 35 the mother, in diploma and urban mothers, with no history of previous neonate death, stillbirth, smoking and mental illness.
Conclusion: Due to the high mortality rate in neonates, especially single-day neonates, premature, weighting less than 1500 grams at birth and the result of cesarean section neonates, to reduce this rate as much as possible, effective and timely attentions and actions such as prenatal training for pregnant mothers is necessary.
