Volume 22, Issue 4 (Pajouhan Scientific Journal, Autumn 2024)
Pajouhan Sci J 2024, 22(4): 255-266 |
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Research code: 9809056608
Ethics code: IR.UMSHA.REC.1398. 624
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Farhadian M, Khazaei M, Mahjub H, Kahaei R. Toilet Training Age and Factors Affect Timing, Duration and Delayed: A Cross-sectional Study in Hamadan, Iran. Pajouhan Sci J 2024; 22 (4) :255-266
URL: http://psj.umsha.ac.ir/article-1-1122-en.html
URL: http://psj.umsha.ac.ir/article-1-1122-en.html
1- Research Center for Health Sciences, Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran , maryam_farhadian80@yahoo.com
2- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
3- Research Center for Health Sciences, Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
4- Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
2- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
3- Research Center for Health Sciences, Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
4- Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
Abstract: (705 Views)
Background and Objectives: Toilet training (TT) is a demanding experience for both parents and children, as it is considered one of the most crucial developmental tasks during childhood. The study aimed to investigate the start, completion, and duration of TT in the Iranian population while also examining any factors that may be associated with delayed TT.
Materials and Methods: Between January and June 2022, a cross-sectional study was conducted among families with children aged 2-6 years who had completed TT no more than 4 months earlier. The survey was conducted through interviews with parents in the pediatricians' waiting room and Urban Health Centers in Hamadan, Iran.
Results: The study involved 315 children, with 164 girls and 151 boys, and found that the mean ages for initiation, completion, and duration of TT were 24.01±5.97, 26.91±6.14, and 2.93±2.34 months, respectively. Girls started TT earlier than boys, and the mother's education level, time of mother's presence, and communication with friends and relatives who had children with ages less than 5 years were positively correlated with earlier initiation and completion. Additionally, 42.8% of mothers reported having little or no knowledge regarding TT. Delayed TT (complete TT after 30 months) was found in 21.6% of children and was associated with the child's birth weight, mother's age, educational status, and time of mother's involvement.
Conclusion: Given the crucial role and involvement of parents, especially mothers, in TT, it is suggested that educational programs be developed to provide guidance and support to parents. These programs should emphasize the importance of parental involvement and support and provide practical techniques for promoting a child's readiness for TT.
Materials and Methods: Between January and June 2022, a cross-sectional study was conducted among families with children aged 2-6 years who had completed TT no more than 4 months earlier. The survey was conducted through interviews with parents in the pediatricians' waiting room and Urban Health Centers in Hamadan, Iran.
Results: The study involved 315 children, with 164 girls and 151 boys, and found that the mean ages for initiation, completion, and duration of TT were 24.01±5.97, 26.91±6.14, and 2.93±2.34 months, respectively. Girls started TT earlier than boys, and the mother's education level, time of mother's presence, and communication with friends and relatives who had children with ages less than 5 years were positively correlated with earlier initiation and completion. Additionally, 42.8% of mothers reported having little or no knowledge regarding TT. Delayed TT (complete TT after 30 months) was found in 21.6% of children and was associated with the child's birth weight, mother's age, educational status, and time of mother's involvement.
Conclusion: Given the crucial role and involvement of parents, especially mothers, in TT, it is suggested that educational programs be developed to provide guidance and support to parents. These programs should emphasize the importance of parental involvement and support and provide practical techniques for promoting a child's readiness for TT.
Type of Study: Research Article |
Subject:
Other
Received: 2024/10/14 | Accepted: 2024/11/14 | Published: 2025/04/6
Received: 2024/10/14 | Accepted: 2024/11/14 | Published: 2025/04/6
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