Volume 21, Issue 4 (Pajouhan Scientific Journal, Autumn 2023)
Pajouhan Sci J 2023, 21(4): 224-234 |
Back to browse issues page
Research code: 2150-99-1-1397
Ethics code: IR.LUMS.REC.1400.139
Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
Almasi S, Mohammadi R, Rashidi K, Fazli A, Azadbakht H, Dehghani M. Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic and Related Factors on the Occurrence of Emotional-behavioral Problems in Children. Pajouhan Sci J 2023; 21 (4) :224-234
URL: http://psj.umsha.ac.ir/article-1-1033-en.html
URL: http://psj.umsha.ac.ir/article-1-1033-en.html
Saeedeh Almasi1 
, Rasool Mohammadi2 , Kobra Rashidi1 , Alireza Fazli3 , Hadis Azadbakht4 , Maryam Dehghani * 5
, Rasool Mohammadi2 , Kobra Rashidi1 , Alireza Fazli3 , Hadis Azadbakht4 , Maryam Dehghani * 5
1- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Boroujerd School of Nursing, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
2- Nutritional Health Research Center, School of Health and Nutrition, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
3- Department of Educational Psychology, Ministry of Education of Lorestan Province, Khorramabad, Iran
4- Student Research Committee, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
5- Department of Nursing, Zeyinab (P.B.U.H) School of Nursing and Midwifery, Guilan University of Medical Sciences ,Rasht, Iran , maryamd.2010@gmail.com
2- Nutritional Health Research Center, School of Health and Nutrition, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
3- Department of Educational Psychology, Ministry of Education of Lorestan Province, Khorramabad, Iran
4- Student Research Committee, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
5- Department of Nursing, Zeyinab (P.B.U.H) School of Nursing and Midwifery, Guilan University of Medical Sciences ,Rasht, Iran , maryamd.2010@gmail.com
Abstract: (524 Views)
Background and Objectives: Children are highly vulnerable to psychological crises and this can lead to serious problems in their mental health. Based on this, this study was conducted to investigate the behavioral and emotional problems of children during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Materials and Methods: The present cross-sectional study was performed with a descriptive-analytical approach. The study sample consisted of 360 children aged 6 to 18 years who referred to the health centers of Borujerd City, Iran, in 2021. The data collection tools included the demographic form and the Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist - parent version. Data analysis was done using descriptive and analytical tests, including independent t-test and analysis of variance test, by SPSS version 25 software.
Results: The mean age of the studied children was 9.98±3.274 years. The majority of the participants were girls (54.1%) and first-born children (38.1%). The majority of children (83.6%) were in non-clinical or normal condition, 5.3% of children were in clinical-borderline condition, and 11.1% of children were in clinical condition. The highest and lowest mean scores of behavioral problems were related to aggressive behavior 7.08±5.68 and physical complaints 1.44±1.60, respectively. There was a significant relationship between birth order, paternal education, family income level, and the history of the child's close relatives being infected with COVID-19 with the child's general emotional-behavioral problems during the COVID-19 pandemic (P<0.05).
Conclusion: In general, it can be said that the COVID-19 pandemic has led to various psychological consequences in children. Therefore, it seems necessary to identify these consequences for preventive measures and early intervention for treatment.
Materials and Methods: The present cross-sectional study was performed with a descriptive-analytical approach. The study sample consisted of 360 children aged 6 to 18 years who referred to the health centers of Borujerd City, Iran, in 2021. The data collection tools included the demographic form and the Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist - parent version. Data analysis was done using descriptive and analytical tests, including independent t-test and analysis of variance test, by SPSS version 25 software.
Results: The mean age of the studied children was 9.98±3.274 years. The majority of the participants were girls (54.1%) and first-born children (38.1%). The majority of children (83.6%) were in non-clinical or normal condition, 5.3% of children were in clinical-borderline condition, and 11.1% of children were in clinical condition. The highest and lowest mean scores of behavioral problems were related to aggressive behavior 7.08±5.68 and physical complaints 1.44±1.60, respectively. There was a significant relationship between birth order, paternal education, family income level, and the history of the child's close relatives being infected with COVID-19 with the child's general emotional-behavioral problems during the COVID-19 pandemic (P<0.05).
Conclusion: In general, it can be said that the COVID-19 pandemic has led to various psychological consequences in children. Therefore, it seems necessary to identify these consequences for preventive measures and early intervention for treatment.
Type of Study: Research Article |
Subject:
Medicine & Clinical Sciences
Received: 2023/07/2 | Accepted: 2023/10/5 | Published: 2023/12/1
Received: 2023/07/2 | Accepted: 2023/10/5 | Published: 2023/12/1
References
1. World Health Organization (WHO). (2020, 30 January).
2. Biscayart C, Angeleri P, Lloveras S, Chaves TDSS, Schlagenhauf P, Rodríguez-Morales AJ. The next big threat to global health? 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV): What advice can we give to travellers? - Interim recommendations January 2020, from the Latin-American society for Travel Medicine (SLAMVI). Travel Med Infect Dis. 2020;33:101567. [DOI:10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101567] [PMID] []
3. Duan L, Shao X, Wang Y, Huang Y, Miao J, Yang X, Zhu G. An investigation of mental health status of children and adolescents in china during the outbreak of COVID-19. J Affect Disord. 2020;275:112-118. [DOI:10.1016/j.jad.2020.06.029] [PMID] []
4. Dalton L, Rapa E, Stein A. Protecting the psychological health of children through effective communication about COVID-19. Lancet Child Adolesc Health. 2020;4(5):346-347. [DOI:10.1016/S2352-4642(20)30097-3] [PMID]
5. Fegert JM, Vitiello B, Plener PL, Clemens V. Challenges and burden of the Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic for child and adolescent mental health: a narrative review to highlight clinical and research needs in the acute phase and the long return to normality. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health. 2020;14:20. [DOI:10.1186/s13034-020-00329-3] [PMID] []
6. Liu Q, Zhou Y, Xie X, Xue Q, Zhu K, Wan Z, Wu H, Zhang J, Song R. The prevalence of behavioral problems among school-aged children in home quarantine during the COVID-19 pandemic in china. J Affect Disord. 2021;279:412-416. [DOI:10.1016/j.jad.2020.10.008] [PMID] []
7. Ye J. Pediatric Mental and Behavioral Health in the Period of Quarantine and Social Distancing With COVID-19. JMIR Pediatr Parent. 2020;3(2):e19867. [DOI:10.2196/19867] [PMID] []
8. Grechyna D. Health threats associated with children lockdown in Spain during COVID-19. Available at SSRN 3567670. 2020. [DOI:10.2139/ssrn.3567670]
9. Spinelli M, Lionetti F, Pastore M, Fasolo M. Parents' Stress and Children's Psychological Problems in Families Facing the COVID-19 Outbreak in Italy. Front Psychol. 2020;11:1713. [DOI:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01713] [PMID] []
10. Chobdari A, Nikkho F, Foladi F. Implicit consequences of the new coronavirus (Covid 19) in children: A systematic review study. [Persian].Journal of Quarterly of Educational Psychology. 2020; 16(56):51-63.
11. Tm A. Manual for the Child Behavior Checklist/4-18 and 1991 profile. University of Vermont, Department of Psychiatry. 1991.
12. Minaee A. Adaptation and standardization of Akhenbach's child behavioral list, questionnaire. [in persian].Research on Exceptional Children. 2006;19(1): 529-558.
13. Yazdkhasti F, Oreyzi H. Standardization of Child, Parent and Teacher's Forms of Child Behavior Checklist in the City of Isfahan.[in Persian]. IJPCP. 2010; 17(1): 60-70.
14. Jiao WY, Wang LN, Liu J, Fang SF, Jiao FY, Pettoello-Mantovani M, Somekh E. Behavioral and Emotional Disorders in Children during the COVID-19 Epidemic. J Pediatr. 2020;221:264-266.e1. [DOI:10.1016/j.jpeds.2020.03.013] [PMID] []
15. Loades ME, Chatburn E, Higson-Sweeney N, Reynolds S, Shafran R, Brigden A, Linney C, McManus MN, Borwick C, Crawley E. Rapid Systematic Review: The Impact of Social Isolation and Loneliness on the Mental Health of Children and Adolescents in the Context of COVID-19. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2020;59(11):1218-1239.e3. [DOI:10.1016/j.jaac.2020.05.009] [PMID] []
16. Garcia de Avila MA, Hamamoto Filho PT, Jacob FLDS, Alcantara LRS, Berghammer M, Jenholt Nolbris M, Olaya-Contreras P, Nilsson S. Children's Anxiety and Factors Related to the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Exploratory Study Using the Children's Anxiety Questionnaire and the Numerical Rating Scale. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(16):5757. [DOI:10.3390/ijerph17165757] [PMID] []
17. Omidi T, Mahdi-Akhgar M. The Effect of COVID-19 Outbreak on Children's Stress and Anxiety: A Systematic Review Study. Pajouhan Scientific Journal. 2022;20(1):57-62. [DOI:10.61186/psj.20.1.1]
18. Roccella, M. Children and Coronavirus Infection (Covid-19): What to Tell Children to Avoid Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). The Open Pediatric Medicine Journal .2020; 10 (1): 14-19. [DOI:10.2174/1874309902010010001]
19. Ranjbar K, Hosseinpour H, Shahriarirad R, Ghaem H, Jafari K, Rahimi T, Mirahmadizadeh A, Hosseinpour P. Students' attitude and sleep pattern during school closure following COVID-19 pandemic quarantine: a web-based survey in south of Iran. Environ Health Prev Med. 2021;26(1):33. [DOI:10.1186/s12199-021-00950-4] [PMID] []
20. Shahyad S, Mohammadi MT. Strategies to Promote the Mental Health of Children and Teenagers during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Narrative Review. Journal of Marine Medicine. 2021;3(4):142-52.
21. Rezaei S, Sameni Toosarvandani A , Zebardast A. Effect of COVID-19-induced Home Quarantine on Parental Stress and its Relationship With Anxiety and Depression Among Children in Guilan Province. [in persian]. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and clinical psychology. 2020; 26(3):280-292. [DOI:10.32598/ijpcp.26.3402.1]
22. Shirzadi P, Amini Shirazi N, Asgharpour Lashkami Z, Relationship between Corona Anxiety in Mothers and Parent -Child Interaction and Children's Aggression during Quarantine Days. [in persian].Journal of Family Research.2020; 16(2): 139-154.
23. Godarzi H, Ghasemi F, Valizadeh F, Mohammadi R. Investigating the relationship between mothers' anxiety caused by the covid-19 pandemic and children's anxiety in elementary schools in Borujerd city in 1401. [in persian].20th Congress on Pediatric Nursing; October; Tehran 2022.
Send email to the article author
| Rights and permissions | |
 |
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
Articles Copyright © The Author(s).
Owned by Hamadan University of Medical Sciences.
Published by UMSHA Press
Journal Tel: +98 81 38380090
Publisher Tel: +98 81 38382022
Website: https://psj.umsha.ac.ir/
Email: psj@umsha.ac.ir
