Introduction: Quality of life is affected by several psychological factors of which personality traits and family communication patterns can be noted as the most important ones. This research aimed to investigate the role of personality traits and family communication patterns in prediction of quality of life among nurses.

Methods: This is a descriptive-analytical study of cross-sectional type. The statistical population included 180 nurses of Shahid Mofatteh and 15 Khordad hospitals of Varamin city in 2015, as selected by stratified randomly sampling method. The data was collected through questionnaires comprising personality traits of Costa & McCrae, family communication patterns of Koerner & Fitzpatrick and quality of life of World Health Organization. Data was analyzed by Pearson correlation and multivariate regression with using SPSS-19 software.

Results: The results showed that neuroticism and conformity communication pattern had a significantly negative relationship with quality of life of nurses; and extroversion, openness, agreeableness, conscientiousness and conversation communication pattern had a significantly positive relationship with life quality of nurses (P<0.05). In the other hand, extroversion, neuroticism and conversation communication pattern predicted 24.5 percent of life quality variance of nurses (P<0.001). Also, the share of neuroticism in predicting quality of life was more than other variables (P<0.001).

Conclusion: Extroversion, neuroticism and conversation communication pattern reveal a significant ability of predicting quality of life among nurses. Therefore, these variables can have an effective role in improving the quality of life of nurses. It is suggested that therapists should consider these variables and design appropriate programs, based on them, to improve the quality of life of nurses.