Volume 22, Issue 1 (Pajouhan Scientific Journal, Winter 2024)
Pajouhan Sci J 2024, 22(1): 1-10 |
Back to browse issues page
Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
Bahrami Z, Sepahvand T. Emotion Regulation and Sleep Habits in Socially Anxious Children: Effects of Emotion-Focused Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy. Pajouhan Sci J 2024; 22 (1) :1-10
URL: http://psj.umsha.ac.ir/article-1-1071-en.html
URL: http://psj.umsha.ac.ir/article-1-1071-en.html
1- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, Arak University, Arak, Iran
2- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, Arak University, Arak, Iran ,T-sepahvand@araku.ac.ir
2- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, Arak University, Arak, Iran ,
Abstract: (2033 Views)
Background and Objectives: Social anxiety disorder in children and adolescents is associated with some psychological problems that require effective treatment. In this regard, the present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of emotion-focused cognitive behavioral therapy on emotion regulation and sleep habits of children with social anxiety.
Materials and Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted with a pretest-posttest control group design. The research population included primary school students in the fourth to sixth grades in Qom City, Iran in 2019 academic year. In total, 46 students whose scores were higher than 29.5 in the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale, were selected and randomly assigned to intervention and control groups. The participants answered the pre-test Emotion Regulation Checklist and Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaire. Afterward, the intervention group participated in 16 sessions of therapy and the control group remained on the waiting list. Finally, the participants were evaluated at the post-test stage and the collected data were examined by analysis of covariance and SPSS software.
Results: Based on the results of multivariate analysis of covariance, after the control of pre-test effects, there was a significant difference in the linear combination of emotion regulation and sleep habits variables of the two groups (Wilks' lambda=0.063, F10,23=34.182, P=0.001). The tests of univariate analysis of covariance also showed a significant increase in emotion regulation and a significant decrease in emotional lability/negativity and sleep disorders (except the sleep onset delay) in the intervention group after the therapeutic sessions.
Conclusion: Emotion-focused cognitive behavioral therapy is an important and effective treatment for emotion regulation and sleep habits in socially anxious children who are referred to mental health professionals.
Materials and Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted with a pretest-posttest control group design. The research population included primary school students in the fourth to sixth grades in Qom City, Iran in 2019 academic year. In total, 46 students whose scores were higher than 29.5 in the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale, were selected and randomly assigned to intervention and control groups. The participants answered the pre-test Emotion Regulation Checklist and Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaire. Afterward, the intervention group participated in 16 sessions of therapy and the control group remained on the waiting list. Finally, the participants were evaluated at the post-test stage and the collected data were examined by analysis of covariance and SPSS software.
Results: Based on the results of multivariate analysis of covariance, after the control of pre-test effects, there was a significant difference in the linear combination of emotion regulation and sleep habits variables of the two groups (Wilks' lambda=0.063, F10,23=34.182, P=0.001). The tests of univariate analysis of covariance also showed a significant increase in emotion regulation and a significant decrease in emotional lability/negativity and sleep disorders (except the sleep onset delay) in the intervention group after the therapeutic sessions.
Conclusion: Emotion-focused cognitive behavioral therapy is an important and effective treatment for emotion regulation and sleep habits in socially anxious children who are referred to mental health professionals.
Keywords: Emotion regulation, Sleep habits, Generalized anxiety, Emotion-focused cognitive-behavioral therapy, Primary school children
Type of Study: Research Article |
Subject:
Psychology and Psychiatry
Received: 2023/11/20 | Accepted: 2024/01/22 | Published: 2024/03/19
Received: 2023/11/20 | Accepted: 2024/01/22 | Published: 2024/03/19
References
1. Sackl-Pammer P, Jahn R, Özlü-Erkilic Z, Pollak E, Ohmann S, Schwarzenberg J, Plener P, Akkaya-Kalayci T. Social anxiety disorder and emotion regulation problems in adolescents. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health. 2019;13:37. [DOI:10.1186/s13034-019-0297-9] [PMID] []
2. Piccirillo ML, Rodebaugh TL. Personalized networks of social anxiety disorder and depression and implications for treatment. J Affect Disord. 2022;298(Pt A):262-276. [DOI:10.1016/j.jad.2021.10.034] [PMID] []
3. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: DSM-5 (5th ed.). Translated to persian by: Avadisyance H, Hashemi Minabad H, Arab Ghahestani D. Tehtan: Roshd. 2015.
4. Akkuş K, Peker M. Exploring the Relationship Between Interpersonal Emotion Regulation and Social Anxiety Symptoms: The Mediating Role of Negative Mood Regulation Expectancies. Cognit Ther Res. 2022;46(2):287-301. [DOI:10.1007/s10608-021-10262-0] [PMID] []
5. Jazaieri H, Morrison AS, Goldin PR, Gross JJ. The role of emotion and emotion regulation in social anxiety disorder. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2015;17(1):531. [DOI:10.1007/s11920-014-0531-3] [PMID]
6. O'Toole MS, Mennin DS, Hougaard E, Zachariae R, Rosenberg NK. Cognitive and emotion regulation change processes in cognitive behavioural therapy for social anxiety disorder. Clinical psychology & psychotherapy. 2015;22(6):667-76. [DOI:10.1002/cpp.1926] [PMID]
7. Horenstein A, Morrison AS, Goldin P, Ten Brink M, Gross JJ, Heimberg RG. Sleep quality and treatment of social anxiety disorder. Anxiety Stress Coping. 2019;32(4):387-98. [DOI:10.1080/10615806.2019.1617854] [PMID] []
8. Lima RA, de Barros MVG, Dos Santos MAM, Machado L, Bezerra J, Soares FC. The synergic relationship between social anxiety, depressive symptoms, poor sleep quality and body fatness in adolescents. J Affect Disord. 2020;260:200-205. [DOI:10.1016/j.jad.2019.08.074] [PMID]
9. Borghese F, Henckaerts P, Guy F, Perez Mayo C, Delplanque S, Schwartz S, Perogamvros L. Targeted Memory Reactivation During REM Sleep in Patients With Social Anxiety Disorder. Front Psychiatry. 2022;13:904704. [DOI:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.904704] [PMID] []
10. Alotaibi A. Combating anxiety and depression among school children and adolescents through student counselling in Saudi Arabia. Procedia-Soc Behav Sci. 2015; 205: 18-29. [DOI:10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.09.006]
11. Suveg C, Kendall PC, Comer JS, Robin J. Emotion-focused cognitive-behavioral therapy for anxious youth: A multiple-baseline evaluation. J Contemp Psychotherapy. 2006; 36(2): 77-85. [DOI:10.1007/s10879-006-9010-4]
12. Setiyowati AJ. Emotion Focussed Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: An Attempt to Resolve Emotional Deficiency and Strengthen Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Efficacy. In 3rd International Conference on Education and Training (ICET 2017). Atlantis Press. 2017; 261-64. [DOI:10.2991/icet-17.2017.45]
13. Clayton M, Spaeth PE, Renna ME, Fresco DM, Mennin DS. Optimizing cognitive behavioral therapy to reduce the burden of distress disorders within an emotion regulation framework. In Dryden W (Ed). New Directions in Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy. 1st Edition. London: Routledge. 2021: 79-98. [DOI:10.4324/9781003081593-6] [PMID] []
14. Caspar F, Berger T, Holtforth MG, Babl A, Heer S, Lin M, Stähli A, Gomez Penedo JM, Holstein D, Ettgenolf Y, Frischknecht E. The impact of integrating emotion focused components into psychological therapy: A randomized controlled trial. J Cli psychol. 2022; 21: 1-20.
15. Suveg C, Sood E, Comer JS, Kendall PC. Changes in emotion regulation following cognitive-behavioral therapy for anxious youth. J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol. 2009;38(3):390-401. [DOI:10.1080/15374410902851721] [PMID]
16. Afshari A, Amiri S, Neshat Doost HT, Rezaie F. Comparing effectiveness of group emotion-focused cognitive-behavioral therapy and group cognitive-behavioral therapy on children with social anxiety. [In Persian]. J Urmia Univ Med Sci. 2015; 26(3): 194-204.
17. Ballot O, Daviaux Y, Sanz-Arigita EJ, Ivers H, Micoulaud-Franchi JA, Bioulac S, Philip P, Morin CM, Altena EJ. Emotion coping strategies and dysfunctional sleep-related beliefs are associated with objective sleep problems in young adults with insomnia. Sleep Medicine. 2021;88:180-6. [DOI:10.1016/j.sleep.2021.10.014] [PMID]
18. Torres S, Sales CMD, Guerra MP, Simões MP, Pinto M, Vieira FM. Emotion-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in Comorbid Obesity With Binge Eating Disorder: A Pilot Study of Feasibility and Long-Term Outcomes. Front Psychol. 2020;11:343. [DOI:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00343] [PMID] []
19. Caporino NE, Read KL, Shiffrin N, Settipani C, Kendall PC, Compton SN, Sherrill J, Piacentini J, Walkup J, Ginsburg G, Keeton C. Sleep-related problems and the effects of anxiety treatment in children and adolescents. J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol. 2017;46(5):675-85. [DOI:10.1080/15374416.2015.1063429] [PMID] []
20. Shields AM, Cicchetti D. The development of an emotion regulation assessment battery: Reliability and validity among at-risk grade-school children. InPoster session presented at the biennial meeting of the Society for Research in Child Development. Indianapolis.1995.
21. Shields A, Cicchetti D. Emotion regulation among school-age children: the development and validation of a new criterion Q-sort scale. Dev Psychol. 1997;33(6):906-16. [DOI:10.1037/0012-1649.33.6.906] [PMID]
22. Reis AH, Oliveira SE, Bandeira DR, Andrade NC, Abreu N, Sperb TM. Emotion Regulation Checklist (ERC): Preliminary studies of cross-cultural adaptation and validation for use in Brazil. Temas em psicologia. 2016;24(1):77-96.
https://doi.org/10.9788/TP2016.1-07 [DOI:10.9788/TP2016.1-06]
23. Shafietabar M, Akbari Chermahini S, Molaei Yasavoli M. Factorial Structure and Psychometric Properties of the Emotion Regulation Checklist - Parent Form. J Child Ment Health. 2020; 7 (3) :80-95. [DOI:10.52547/jcmh.7.3.8]
24. Owens JA, Spirito A, McGuinn M. The Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ): psychometric properties of a survey instrument for school-aged children. Sleep. 2000;23(8):1043-51. [DOI:10.1093/sleep/23.8.1d] [PMID]
25. Silva FG, Silva CR, Braga LB, Neto AS. Portuguese Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire - validation and cross-cultural comparison. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2014; 90: 78-84. [DOI:10.1016/j.jped.2013.06.009] [PMID]
26. Kabiri M, Naeimi M, Hadipour V. Examining the psychometric properties of children's sleep habits questionnaire. 8th International Conference on Psychology and Sociology. Tehran University, Tehran, Iran. 2017.
27. Masia-Warner C, Storch EA, Pincus DB, Klein RG, Heimberg RG, Liebowitz MR. The Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale for Children and Adolescents: An initial psychometric investigation. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2003;42(9):1076-84. [DOI:10.1097/01.CHI.0000070249.24125.89] [PMID]
28. Dadsetan P, Anari A, Saleh Sedghpour B. Social anxiety disorders and drama-therapy. [ In Persian]. J Iran Psychol. 2008; 4(14): 115-123.
29. Kendall PC, Suveg C. Emotion-focused cognitive-behavioral therapy for anxious children: Therapist manual. (2th Ed.).2006. Translated by Afshari A, Amiri S, Neshat Doost HT. Isfahan: Univercity of Isfahan Press. 2017.
Send email to the article author
| Rights and permissions | |
 |
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
Articles Copyright © The Author(s).
Owned by Hamadan University of Medical Sciences.
Published by UMSHA Press
Journal Tel: +98 81 38380090
Publisher Tel: +98 81 38382022
Website: https://psj.umsha.ac.ir/
Email: psj@umsha.ac.ir
