Pajouhan Scientific Journal, Summer, In Press
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Ethics code: IR.IAU.KHSH.REC1401.034
1- Department of Counseling, Khomeinishahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khomeinishahr, Iran
2- Department of Psychology and Education of Children with Special Needs, Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran ,a.abedi@edu.ui.ac.ir
2- Department of Psychology and Education of Children with Special Needs, Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran ,
Abstract: (44 Views)
Background and Objectives: Children's social-emotional well-being and resilience play an important role in their attitude, behavior, and success in their personal and social lives. The present study aimed to standardize the scale of social, emotional, and resilience development in children in early childhood settings in Isfahan.
Materials and Methods: The statistical population of this descriptive-experimental research consisted of all children aged 4 to 6 years, prior to entering primary school, in Isfahan, Iran, during the school year 2022-2023. A total of 100 students were selected through random sampling. In this study, the social, emotional, and resilience scale was first translated into Persian; then, it was implemented with the selected sample. Based on the collected data, the results of exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis showed that the investigated scale, in the Iranian sample, includes five subscales, namely, Social Performance, Self-Control, Assertiveness and Emotional Stability, Task Orientation, as well as Curiosity and Enjoyment of Exploration. Additionally, to determine the validity and reliability of the Persian version of the mentioned questionnaire, average variance indices, Fornell-Larcker matrix, single-dual validity ratio matrix, Cronbach's alpha, and composite reliability were used. Overall, the results of the present study showed that the Iranian version of the social, emotional, and resilience questionnaire has good validity and reliability.
Results: In the current study, the Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the total scale was 0.898, and for the subscales of Social Performance, Self-control, Assertiveness, Task Orientation, and Enjoyment of Exploration, the values were 0.84, 0.78, 0.73, 0.82, and 0.85, respectively. Confirmatory factor analysis of the original 6-factor structure confirmed five components, and the emotional stability component was removed. Overall, 25 out of 36 items were found to be valid, and the remaining items were removed from the questionnaire.
Conclusion: Based on the findings, the scale of social, emotional, and resilience development in 4- to 6-year-old children can be a valid and reliable 5-factor tool for evaluating the social, emotional, and resilience characteristics of Iranian children.
Materials and Methods: The statistical population of this descriptive-experimental research consisted of all children aged 4 to 6 years, prior to entering primary school, in Isfahan, Iran, during the school year 2022-2023. A total of 100 students were selected through random sampling. In this study, the social, emotional, and resilience scale was first translated into Persian; then, it was implemented with the selected sample. Based on the collected data, the results of exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis showed that the investigated scale, in the Iranian sample, includes five subscales, namely, Social Performance, Self-Control, Assertiveness and Emotional Stability, Task Orientation, as well as Curiosity and Enjoyment of Exploration. Additionally, to determine the validity and reliability of the Persian version of the mentioned questionnaire, average variance indices, Fornell-Larcker matrix, single-dual validity ratio matrix, Cronbach's alpha, and composite reliability were used. Overall, the results of the present study showed that the Iranian version of the social, emotional, and resilience questionnaire has good validity and reliability.
Results: In the current study, the Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the total scale was 0.898, and for the subscales of Social Performance, Self-control, Assertiveness, Task Orientation, and Enjoyment of Exploration, the values were 0.84, 0.78, 0.73, 0.82, and 0.85, respectively. Confirmatory factor analysis of the original 6-factor structure confirmed five components, and the emotional stability component was removed. Overall, 25 out of 36 items were found to be valid, and the remaining items were removed from the questionnaire.
Conclusion: Based on the findings, the scale of social, emotional, and resilience development in 4- to 6-year-old children can be a valid and reliable 5-factor tool for evaluating the social, emotional, and resilience characteristics of Iranian children.
Type of Study: Research Article |
Subject:
Psychology and Psychiatry
Received: 2025/04/27 | Accepted: 2025/06/26
Received: 2025/04/27 | Accepted: 2025/06/26
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